Good continuing improvement in housing and household areas, access to services and utilities as an indication that the majority of population continue to benefit from recent good economic growth by individual development.
The population of Rwanda
were increased from 10.5 Million in 2012 to 13.2 Million in 2022 with an annual
population growth rate of 2.3%. During 1978 Rwanda was populated with 4.6
million, in 2002 there were 8.1 Million and in 2022 there were 13.2 million
this means that from 2012 to 2022 population was increased about 2.7 million in
10 years. The number of household is countered about 3,312,743 which means
there are 4.0 average household size.
The number of females is
greater than male where 48.5% are male and 51.5% are female. 72.1% live in
rural areas and 27.9 lives in urban areas. Eastern province is highly populated
province in Rwanda with 3,563,145 as 26.9% of whole country’s population and
Kigali city with lower population 1,745,555 as 13.2%.
The proportion of young
people (below 30 years) dropped from 70.3% in 2012 to 65.3% in 2022 and it is
expected to be 54.3% by 2050. The proportion of population aged 16-64 increased
from 53.4% in 2012 to 56.0% in 2022 and is expected to be 61.4% by 2050.
This had encountered the
increase of the unemployment rate averaged from 15.90% in 2001 until 2022
reaching on all time high rate of 24.30% in the fourth quarter of 2022. As the
number of population are still increasing but the main job creation is not
increasing. The various reason that come from both the demand side or employer
and the supply side or the worker. The demand side reduction may be caused by
high interest rates, global recession and financial crisis this had favored
because of the pandemic.
During 2002 population
density was countered with 321 km2 and 415 km2 in 2012, 503 km2 in 2022. It
expected to rise to 894 km2 in 2052 where average population will be
23,558,616. The current fertility rate (women aged between 15-49) is 3.8 in
rural areas and 3.2 in urban areas. Rwandans are living longer and healthier
life expectancy was raised from 46.4 years in 1978, 51.2 years in 2002, 64.5
years in 2012 to 69.6 in 2022 and now in 2023 is expected to be 70 years. The
fertility was deducted from 8.6 in 1978, 5.9 in 2002 and 3.6 in 2022 this show
how family planning is being implemented well in Rwanda.
Southern province has the
highest number of lifetime number of out-migrants while eastern province has
the highest number of lifetime in-migrants counted as 306,091 in all province
but Kigali city as more in migrants numbered as 354,970. The lifetime immigrants
in Rwanda is 366,785 and 65,762 recent immigrants from 2017 to 2022. The
distribution of private household by types of habitat 64.4% live in planned
rural settlement (imidugudu),
14.9% are
dispersed/isolated housing, 8.9 % spontaneous/squatted housing, 6.9% modern
planned urban housing, 2.3% old settlement and 0.8% Integrated model village.
The distribution of
private household by roof materials by the area of residence in urban areas
93.9% are iron sheet, 5.5% local tiles and 0.5% uses other materials. In rural
areas 65.9% are iron sheet, 33.9% are local tiles and 0.2 are other materials.
The trend of attended
level of education are countered as 33.5 are non-educated, 58.8 has primary
education, 15.1% has secondary education and 3.3 has university education.
The level of education in
Rwanda is 89.4%, male is 88.4% and female are 90.3%. in urban area there are
91.7% and 88.6% in rural areas. Northern province is highly attending by 92.9%
and Eastern province as lower education attending with 87.4%. as the number of
educated people had increased not only for job opportunities but also being
familiar with internationals.
As Rwanda is the home for
international conference the volunteering opportunities are provided to those
who qualified with different skills especially languages. being competitive at
international market dealing with foreign who had potential power to access
market.
The power invested in
technology had benefited the country as private household whose at least
one-member use internet in last 12 months. creativity and innovation had
increased because of technological advancement whereas online services impacted
the community and working from home as the reduction of incurring cost was to
travel to find service was removed and it promoted the online business where
those with internet started the affiliate marketing and digital marketing and
social media development
The distribution of
private household by the main source of lighting are 47.1% uses Electricity
from REG, 28.4% use Flashing/phone flashlight, 13.9% use solar panel, 4.2% uses
Firewood, 2.9% use candles, 1.65 uses Kerosene/paraffin/Lantern lamp, 1.3 use
Generator/Batteries and 0.6 are others.
This increased from 5.0%
in 2002 to 17.9% in 2012 and 61.0% in 2022. The most lighting province is
Kigali city 89.7% and the lower is 54.1% Northern province. In 2002, 43.4% has
access to radio, 64.0 in 2012 and 81.3 in 2022. This influenced the total
current installed capacity to generate electricity power in Rwanda to 276.068W
This favorited the many job creation relating to hydroelectric power motives.
Different area of the
country has benefited by increasing the hour of working wherever they use 24
hours of working, chargeable vehicles and many more at all it marked the
development of technology, cyber security and intelligent system like traffic
intelligent controls (sophia) at all road cameras
Households that have
access to improved drinking water are countered to 82.3% in whole country the
highest province pure water is Kigali city 97.4% and the least one is Western
province with 75.4%. the distribution of households by the main source of
drinking water 32.5% use Public tap out of compound, 27.6% uses Protected
spring well, 11.5% use pipe born water in compound, 11.3% use unprotected spring,
6.3% uses river, lakes, ponds, stream, and surface water, 3.6% use water from
pipe of neighborhood, 3.1% use tubes or borehole, 2.5% uses mineral water, 1.0%
uses rain water, 0.0% use tanker truck and 0.1% uses other source of drinking
water. It was found that 17.9% takes 0 minutes to imply water on their
premises, 46.6% takes less than 30 minutes and 35.4% takes more than 30
minutes.
Agriculture plays big
role in economy of the country where 2,280,854 around 69% households engaged in
agricultural activities (crop plantation and animal husbandry). 611,581 rounded
26.8% engages in crop farming, 205,924 approximately 9.0% engages in animal
rearing while 1,463,347 approximately 64.2% do both crop plantation and animal
husbandry.
This has promoted the
growth of the agricultural market at the extent of being competitive at
international market. Rwanda’s import and export of agricultural product has
played role on GDP at 47%, industry contributed 24% of GDP and 8% was
attributed to adjustment for taxes and subsidies on the products but this marks
the huge in price fluctuation as food crops rise at rate of 200% for beans,
100% Irish potatoes at domestic market as far as people had risen the
capability at international market as an influence gained from Ukraine and
Russian war and Covid-19 this influenced price of agricultural product as there
were changes into industrial products due to rise of petrol
The observation shows
that;
Consistent improvement in
life expectancy as indication of improving quality of life across abroad.
Good continuing
improvement in housing and household areas, access to services and utilities as
an indication that the majority of population continue to benefit from recent
good economic growth by individual development.
Positive demographic
developments as annual population growth in Rwanda slowed down to 2.3% between
2012 and 2022, from 2.6% between 2002 and 2012. And this due to decreasing
fertility and premature is also decreasing this marks how the future generation
will be engaged with more youth means the number of labor will be at the high
rate
The challenges founded
are: sustaining observed improvements in living standards and demographics, Low
level of school attendance in secondary educations and implications like Human
capital, employment and productivity. Population density and its implications
like Housing, agriculture and environment. 
Positive demographic
developments as annual population growth in Rwanda slowed down to 2.3% between
2012 and 2022
Agriculture plays big
role in economy of the country where 2,280,854 around 69% households engaged
The power invested in
technology had benefited the country as private household whose at least
one-member use internet in last 12 months
Author KWIZERA UWIMANA Josue
Kin
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